Does a leader, parent, boss motivate better with a carrot or a stick?

First of all, it's a little old-school to understand motivation in terms of a carrot, stick, or a combination of the two. Gallup has produced 12 questions, from their book "First Break All The Rules", that measure "engagement", which is a truer test of how to motivate to produce results. Improve "engagement" and improve results. The questions range from “I know what’s expected of me…” and “…I’ve received recognition or praise…” to “I have a best friend…”. This is a business book, but could be used in any leadership position to fully engage the people following.